Persuasive Speech Outline Essay

Topic: To Inform People on what they need to do to help this situation. Introduction †¢ What is one of the world’s largest animals that is going endangered at a fast pace? †¢One of the world’s largest breeds of Elephants, which are the African Elephants are going Extinct. †¢There are several animal rescue organizations, such as Green Peace, The WCS, State Zoos just to name a few. Along with scientist that explain what this means for the world as we have grown up to know it. As a Huge volunteer at shelters and the zoo this topic is near and close to me. If you look at the reproduction time of an elephant and the amount of times the elephant will mate in its life. I.The African Elephant is quickly becoming extinct due to several main reasons. A. If You look at how many times an African Female Elephants mates in its entire life time and add that to how long it takes her to half the baby that will show you why we as the human race must do everything in our power to help animals survive along with us. 1. The African Elephant lives up to eighty years and will have 1-3 partners during their life span. 2. African Elephants are known to have 4-12 baby elephants throughout its life time depending on how old the elephant is when it first mates. B. When an Elephant mates it will depend on her age that determines how many babies she will have. 1. It takes nearly two years for an Elephant to have one baby that is called a calf. And although it is rare sometimes the Mother Elephant will have the baby calf under the 24 mo. period. 2. Another rare, but not impossible in Elephants is having Twin Calf’s. It is extremely rare in African Elephants but a little more common  in Asian Elephants since there are a smaller breed. . Elephants have a hard enough time producing so when we talk about survival it makes it impossible when they are being illegally captured and killed for their beautiful tusk. . II.Beautiful Creatures that are descendants of the extinct Woolly mammoth are finding themselves becoming extinct. A. Reproduction is not the only challenge the African elephant is facing. 1. Elephants numbers declining because of illegal poaching of their beautiful white teeth known as Ivory. 2. The Elephants are not sedated for the tusk to be cut off, but they are killed. Which is declining their numbers quickly. B. It may surprise you but the demand for Ivory Tusk is not just overseas. 1. China along with other Asian countries are big traffickers of Ivory. But what will surprise you is that there are not the only countries. 2. The United States last year alone traded with countries such as Africa for Ivory worth 60 million dollars on the black Market. . With the Trade of Ivory being a hot commodity for the wealthy Countries are killing Elephants up to 60 a day out of a population of an estimated 500,000 African Elephants. With this number and the length in which it takes a mature Female and male to reproduce African Elephants are being placed on the endangered list. III.Elephants will continue to become extinct and one day will be all gone for the future generation of our children and descendants if we don’t take a stand and take measures to make sure that law makers in our country as well as others put a stop to illegal poaching. 1.Zimbabwe is one of the fastest growing places for illegal poaching of tusk from the Elephant in Africa. 2.This year on February 11th President Obama designed to create â€Å"a near  complete ban† on the commercial sale of African elephant ivory in the U.S. 3. The United States destroyed over 6 tons of illegal Ivory in November. 1. This was the start of a global message to other countries to stop the illegal killing, sale, and trade of ivory. a. With our country being at the top of this demand it was only fitting that we were the first to place a global stop to this senseless killing of these animals. b. Asia and Tanzania are just a few counties that have there name of the poaching of shame list. The Philippine government destroyed 5 tons of confiscated ivory just last month. c. Countries that have corrupt law enforcements are not helping the situation of illegal poaching it allows the people that are getting caught to go free and continue there actions with out punishment for their crime. 2. With several countries still practicing this illegal and brutal method of making money. I am afraid that Elephants will remain on the endangered list unless change takes place. As I have shown you the length and time that it takes this huge, but beautiful animal to reproduce and the fast and cruel way that the Biggest Animal in Africa is surely and quickly going extinct. We have to be aware and caring about the things that go on in our country, and help educate the other countries that don’t realize this long term effect that there actions will have on the rest of the world. Bibliography Delegation, P., & Michael, A. (2009, July 30). Dicovery of Elephant’s oldest known relative. Science Daily, p. 3. Dell’Amore, C. (2012). Elephant, Ranger Protections Endorsed—But Do They Have Teeth? National Geographic News. Douglas-Hamiltion, O. (1980). Africa’s Elephants: Can they survive? National Geographic Magazine. Douglas-Hamilton, I. (2011). African Elephant Data. Africa: National Geographics. Trinidad, E. (2012). Baby Elephants. 1. http://news.yahoo.com/apnewsbreak-elephants-endangered-land-grabs-120512322.h

Non-Commissioned Officer in the US Army

The desire to serve the nation and protect the people as well as defend the Constitution is the primary duty of a soldier. The soldiers’job is a tough one and a big responsibility which consequently brings them to risk their lives, wealth and family for the sake of the nation. In the US Army, serving the Americans are delivered in different nature, there are varied forms of duties and roles of the soldiers that they portray. Some are tasked to perform in combat and some are assigned for logistic support or maybe as non-combatants who are commonly called non-commissioned officers.The Merriam-Webster dictionary defined non-commissioned officer as â€Å"a subordinate officer (as a sergeant) in the army, air force, or marine corps appointed from among enlisted personnel†. (MW, 2007) A non-commissioned officer or also known as an NCO or Noncom, is a member of the military force from enlisted rank who has not attended officer training program but performs as a lower-ranking s upport crew who also has authority over the other enlisted members. The NCOs are tasked to provide logistical support that is mostly administrative or even technical in nature.Most of their duties are in training programs including capability building for personnel or advisory to the officer corps. The NCOs are usually ranging from the lower level positions of a sergeant for the US army, corporals for the US marine and warrant officers while for the navies NCOs are mostly belonging as petty officers. Most military units regard NCOs as the support system or the â€Å"backbone† of their services. Their services are crucial in the development and well-being of the military officers esp.regarding performance of their duties as officers. The primary responsibilities are along administration and office management. There are also senior NCOs or whom they call Petty Chief Officers who mostly perform leadership concerns such as leading larger groups of members, mentoring of junior sol diers, and counselling senior members relative to their duties and responsibilities. Some NCOs perform the highest levels of service such as advisory in all concerns regarding the welfare or well-being and utilization of the enlisted members.As a Noncommissioned Officer, there is a difference in the way other people relate with greater expectations having to assume more responsibilities. Such change in the way people treat an NCO is brought about by the fact that an NCO is a member of a Noncommissioned Officer Corps known as the â€Å"backbone of the Army†. (Pukansky, 1999) NCOs live by codes of honor as they perform in delivering their duties and accomplishing the mission. These codes of honor are exemplified in the NCO Creed.It identifies the values or principles that are essential in effectively carrying out responsibilities as noncommissioned officers and leaders. NCOs are committed to excellence in service. One of the creed statements talk about professionalism â€Å"No one is more professional than I. † As a professional, an NCO must live by the guiding standards and exhibit the army values that others may follow. Building leadership qualities is expressed in the creed. â€Å"I am the non-commissioned officer, a leader of soldiers†.Effective team work is also the battlecry of the NCOs apart from the other qualities that are expected from a leader that are essential in carrying out the role of an NCO. NCOs are also expected to humbly recognize the roles of those members in the NCO corps who served and the relevance of the group in the development of the US Army. The creed also called for selflessness by putting the welfare and development of the others before oneself as part of its commitment to serve the army. Competence is another area that an NCO must believe in. The creed believes that â€Å"competence is my matchword†.Demonstrating high level of competence and proficiency breeds trust and confidence from the members of the army. An NCO is expected to display competence and look for opportunities to further develop the skills and talents that competent leaders possess. The inherent role of an NCO must recognize the welfare of the soldiers. This is one major responsibility that an NCO must recognize by heart. To serve the other soldiers and aim for their well being must come first and place their needs above one’s own. The NCOs are expected to guard the soldiers’ well-being and defend them at almost any costApart from the above desired qualities, the NCO Creed believes that an NCO must also possess the following characteristics : to be fair and impartial when endorsing rewards and punishment, constantly and consistently provide communication to soldiers, exhibit loyalty to peers and seniors, display integrity and moral courage and most of all believe that NCOs are professionals and leaders. NCOs may neither have undergone officer training program in the military nor have commissioned offi cial ranks as soldiers in the military force, however, they serve better purposes in the welfare and development of the soldiers.The NCO corps have been truly recognized by the many as the â€Å"backbone of the Army†. Hence, they are essential in the military workforce as drivers in motivating soldiers and bringing the whole US Army into excellence. b. ) Why should we, as leaders, live by the 7 Army Core Values (Loyalty, Duty, Respect, Selfless Service, Honor, Integrity, and Personal Courage) on a daily basis. Most of the American people look up to the army not only as protectors or professionals of arms but as men of integrity. These soldiers are expected by the people to exhibit values that are inherent in being nation protectors and defenders.Lt. Gen. Jackson said â€Å"What is life without honor? Degradation is worse than death. † This statement underpins the importance of integrity as a soldier. The US Army observed the seven (7) army values that an American soldi er must live by. (US Recruiting, 2006) It is strongly believed that the cornerstone of the best military force is the values that they possess. The US Army is a values-based group that highlights the importance of teamship. Army Values will help build a strong, cohesive organization that, in turn, will become a source of strength and institutional knowledge for all the members of the military force.The Army’s profession is neither easy nor ordinary. There is always a need for team work in dealing with complex and risky conditions. For the group to achieve the mission, there is a need for a need to set common goals and principles that will guide each soldier in performing their duties. These goals and guiding principles must reflect the values of a dignified soldier and the values of the nation. Since the whole nation is counting on each of the soldiers, the army values must be embodied in the daily undertaking of each individual and as soldiers getting ready for the future, t hese values shall guide the way.As former Army Chief of Staff General Dennis J. Reimer stated, â€Å"The Army is, at heart, a community of Active and Reserve Soldiers, civilian employees and their families. Communities thrive when people care about one another, work with one another and trust one another. I believe today's Army carries within it this spirit and sense of community. . . . I am optimistic about the future and convinced that because we hold tight to a strong tradition of commitment to one another, we are and will remain the best Army on Earth. † (Forscom, 2007)A soldier’s loyal allegiance to protect the nation is coupled with core values which are deemed to be of equal importance to protecting the nation. These values is expressed via the acronym LDRSHP, these are : Loyalty, Duty, Respect, Selfless Service, Honor and Personal Courage. These values are not only statements on how soldiers should behave but serve as their personal identity. These core values define who they are. The core values and their significance in the present soldier’s life are the following: first and foremost is Loyalty.Loyalty means genuine devotion to a person or other people _it maybe a unit or family or the army. Showing one’s support to a person, superior or even an activity despite its flaws or negative views from peers or subordinates calls for audacity and loyalty. A loyal soldier is one who supports or defends the leadership and stands up for other soldier. He/she will sacrifice for the leader, his country and its people. The US military core value states: â€Å"Bear true faith and allegiance to the US Constitution, the Army, your unit, and other soldiers. † This shows unquestionable loyalty to its country and its heritage.A member of the army who exhibits loyalty prioritizes duties according to the highest where the Constitution is its foremost consideration, the Army as the second priority including the unit, and lastly the self. An army who shows faithfulness to the organization always puts his own welfare the least of all. Showing allegiance also means carrying out the mission and orders from superior without showing personal critical perspective towards its superiors. Another critical characteristic of a loyal soldier is its faithfulness towards his/her fellow soldiers that may consequently bring about confidence and trust from its fellow soldier.It is this kind of devotion that heightens cohesiveness or bond among the soldiers. An ideal exemplar of an action of loyalty is the case about Private Ernest West, a soldier in the L Company. His story happened in 1952 concerning his selflessness and allegiance towards his fellow soldiers by rescuing them from an ambush. Private West, despite the difficulty he encountered during the attack wherein he suffered serious wounds losing one of his eyes. His loyalty to his fellow armies inspired everyone in his infantry which brought him up towards the ladder of succes s. Another army core value is Duty.Duty is defined as a work that you are obliged to perform for moral or legal reasons. It means it is a legal or moral obligation to complete assigned task to the fullest of your ability. An army must do what needs to be done without being told to do it. This requires willingness to accept full responsibility for a soldier’s actions. Duty is not time bound such as putting in time to work from 8 a. m. to 5 p. m. in a day but it is a selfless service to one’s country, unit, family and people. The saying â€Å"I regret that I have but one life to give to my country† is an example of an indisputable commitment to duty.Being dutiful means carrying out its jobs to the best of one’s ability and sacrifice its needs in pursuing excellence. The duty which Private Sasser has showed is one of the most inspiring characteristics of duty. Sasser was in the force as a medical aide. His company was making an air assault when it was under attack by enemies which swept numerous casualties. He offered to assist the wounded without hesitation, despite the wounds he suffered during the encounter. Sasser did not showed he was immobilized due to the serious wounds in his legs.Instead of accepting medical attention, he ran through a barrage of rocket and automatic weapons fire to aid casualties of the initial attack and, after giving them urgently needed treatment, continued to search for other wounded. Despite two additional wounds immobilizing his legs, he dragged himself through the mud toward another soldier 100 meters away. Although in agonizing pain and faint from loss of blood, he continued to save the lives of other people. With this, he was conferred with the medal of honors. According to Gen. Bruce Clarke, despite of age or grade soldiers must be treated as mature individuals.Soldiers are engaged in a dignified occupation and honorable profession that they deserve to be treated with dignity and honor. Respect is a n important value that an army must possess. The golden rule best exemplifies the idea of respect. In the US soldier’s code, â€Å"Treat people as they should be treated. † A soldier is expected to treat other people with dignity and respect. This allows him/her to gain the same treatment from other people. This begins with a basic understanding that each and everyone is worthy to be respected as human beings. A leader of the army will not gain respect if he/she shows superiority over his subordinates.Respecting fellow soldiers means having faith towards them in fulfilling their jobs and duties without necessarily showing them who is the boss. To show respect to others, safety and welfare of others is its prime consideration. However, it is also important to nourish one’s self physically in order to promote health and well being of the school. Discrimination, harassment and inequity are the opposites of respect which may block cohesiveness and trust towards each member of an organization. Selfless Service is beyond a soldier’s consideration of one’s self.The US army pledged to â€Å"Put the welfare of the nation, the Army, and your subordinates before your own. † The sake of the nation comes first. The priority is always the needs of the country or the people. Serving one’s country is about putting one’s duty above one’s own interest or without having in mind what one can gain. When a soldier takes action it must be for the good of the others and not to increase his/her standing. SPC Fitzmaurice received a medal of honor when he displayed selfless service in Vietnam on 23 March. The courageous deed was realized when he threw his personal safety above the others by shielding fellow soldiers.Fitzmaurice suffered multiple wounds and partial loss of sight. SPC Fitzmaurice's heroism in action at the risk of his life contributed significantly to the successful defense of the position and resulted in savi ng the lives of a number of his fellow soldiers. Doing one’s duty in the army is doing service before one’s self. What it does mean for selfless-service is to complete one’s duty prior to its own comfort zones. The welfare or well being of the entire nation and the organization come before the soldier’s own. Selfless service may be confused with loyalty and duty as they are closely related.This is an indication on the importance of accepting all the Army values and ignoring none. Honor is said to be a guide for character and conduct. It is something one earns. As we know, one of the highest military awards is the medal of honors. This is conferred to soldiers who displayed the virtue of living up to the values of the army. Honor starts with knowing what is ethically right and wrong and demonstrating what is right. This should begin with sincerity in one’s actions and maintaining integrity and honesty to one’s daily work as a soldier. It take s a good soldier to bring honor. As Gen. Jackson once said â€Å"What is life without honor?Degradation is worse than death. † As the US army code puts it : â€Å"Do what’s right, legally and morally†. Integrity is a virtue a soldier should possess. This is something to be developed by conforming to moral ethics. A good soldier has moral standards and truthful in adhering to these principles both in word and deed. It is not enough to know what is right, but by demonstrating the right makes a soldier earn the trust and confidence of others. Military men of integrity act according to the dictates of the moral ethics and not according to decisions that is convenient for the moment or that temporarily works for a certain situation.A good soldier possesses personal courage i. e. in physical and moral planes. Bravery is one of the basic characteristic that a soldier must possess. A child when asked about bravery always cites a soldier as an example. This means that co urage is attached to the identity of a soldier. Building a noble character of a soldier means developing a physical and moral courage that are required to combat the conflicts and demands in their jobs. It means taking the risks in war despite the fear of being killed. As personal courage is not the absence of fear but it is the ability to face danger and take action on what is needed.Personal courage does not only mean the ability to combat the conflicts but it also embodies the idea about taking responsibility for the decisions and actions made. Courage also involves the ability to do self-assessment and confront new ideas, and even to the extent to change. Leaders are expected to make decisions that involve risk and often take a stand during times of stress. Personal courage has long been associated with the military force where several narratives about the dangers and hardships that soldiers have successfully faced are notable.Personal courage is not the absence of fear but it i s taking positive action in spite of the fear. Physical courage means overcoming fears of bodily harm and still being able to do your duty. It’s the bravery that allows a soldier to operate in combat in spite of the fear of wounds or death. It is what gets the soldier at airborne school out the aircraft door. It’s what allows an infantryman to assault a bunker to save his buddies or a medic to treat the wounded while under fire. With physical courage, it is a matter of enduring physical duress and, at times, risking personal safety.Private Silvestre S. Herrera is a good replica on the fighting spirit and courage which are duly recognized by the higher authorities. Private Herrera was conferred with the medal of honors last 2006 due to his courage and fighting spirit in battling the explosives that burst before him hitting his leg. Despite intense pain and the unchecked bleeding of his wounds he lay in the minefield, firing to suppress the enemy while others of his plat oon skirted the minefield to flank the enemy position. His courage and fighting spirit reflected honor upon his adopted nation and that of his birth.Private Herrera received the Medal of Honor These values are not only a statement for how soldiers must behave; these are doctrines that tell them who they are. Army leaders emulate these values because they are the standard for action. Such standard for behavior must remain to be the foundation of trust which the Americans expects from the military (Snider and Watkins, 2000). In relation to this, the military principles rest on the foundation of the seven Army Values. These values reflect the standards to which the whole military force adheres to, regardless of its mission.In the same way as these Values lead the way thoughts are formed, words are acted, and professional principles of every soldier, so will those same values guide the actions of those who intends to support and follow them. The Americans hold the entire military force to a higher level, not only the front-line combatants. All the priorities time tabled for implementation and the efficiencies gained or the improvements in quality achieved are attainable in keeping with the Army Values. This transformation brings with it many challenges to overcome.However, it is still recommendable to continually evaluate if successes of the organization are due to adherence to these values. The United States Army serves around the world in the many forms of missions and roles. Although several reasons are known why they join the force, at some level one of them is the desire to serve the nation and the mechanism in perfecting their service is through these values. Hence, these seven values are the main principles that must guide each soldier in their daily undertakings which will lead them towards excellence in service to the people and the nation._____________________________ Integrity without knowledge is weak and useless, and knowledge without integrity is dan gerous and dreadful. — Samuel Johnson References Don M. Snider and Gayle L. Watkins, â€Å"The Future of the Army Profession: A Need for Renewal and Redefinition,† Parameters (August 2000): 5-20. Field Arty (1989). A Brief History of the Backbone of the Army. (Aug. 1989) pp. 17-22. Per. Condensed version of handout at SGM Academy. Forscom . (2007, June 27 updated). Call to Duty : Army Values. Retrieved August 7, 2007, from http://www. forscom. army.mil/reeng/Army%20Part1%20Values. htm U. S. Army Recruiting Battalion. (2006, January 18 updated). Army Values Training for Future Soldier Training Program Soldiers. Retrieved August 7, 2007, from http://www. usarec. army. mil/1stbde/1obn/FS/values. html Merriam-Webster Dictionary (2007). Retrieved from http://www. m-w. com/dictionary/noncommissioned+officer. htm on November 12, 2007 Pukansky, Michael W. (1999) The Army Chaplaincy. Reflections on Leadership. Retrieved from http://www. usachcs. army. mil/TACarchive/AC71M/refle ctions_on_leadership. htm on November 13, 2007.

Alice Walker Maya Angelou

Angelou writes â€Å"She smocked the yoke into tiny crisscrossing puckers, then shirred the rest of the bodice. Her dark fingers ducked in and out of the lemony cloth as she embroidered raised daisies around the hem. Before she considered herself finished she had added a crocheted cuff on the puff sleeves, and a pointy crocheted collar. I was going to be lovely. A walking model of all the various styles of fine hand sewing and it didn’t worry me that I was only twelve. † (33) Whereas Walker also boastfully describes the attire she wears in church on Easter Sunday that was designed with care by her mother and sister. Walker writes â€Å"It is East Sunday, 1950. I am dressed in a green, scalloped hem dress (handmade by my adoring sister, Ruth) that has its own smooth satin Urbanczyk, Page 2. petticoat and tiny hot-pink roses tucked into each scallop. My shoes, new T-strap patent leather, again highly biscuit-polished. † (1) Neither girl is rich by any means but the closeness shared with their families makes up for being underprivileged and this makes them rich with love. Thus the appreciation of the clothing is strongly felt through each of these essays as it is recited by Angelou and Walker. Continuing further, the tone of each story remains synchronized as both young lady is faced with a tough situation. The life altering circumstances are not alike in nature but ultimately set a sad and rebellious tone in each of the essays. Walker, at only eight years old, loses her right eye as a result of horseplay by her brothers playing with a BB gun. This triggers Walker’s depressed state due to her appearance and also consequently affects her schooling and social life (2). The tone changes in Angelou’s essay as she is victimized by the ignorant criticism of Mr. Edward Donleavy, a white speaker, at her graduation day ceremony. The unwelcomed scrutiny transforms Angelou’s positive thoughts toward the future drastically (36-37). However, through the dark clouds each girl finds a silver lining. Both Walker and Angelou find redemption of their physiological setbacks and breakthrough as stronger, smarter, and secure woman. Furthermore, the writing styles of Angelou and Walker’s essays are very much alike in different ways. Each essay begins on a high and jolly note then transpires into the climax and concludes with each author finding herself with a stronger sense of self awareness. Walker gains her awareness through her experiences in the desert that inspires her to write poems, but her most influential experience comes about from her the words spoken by her daughter â€Å"Mommy, there’s a world in your eye. † (5) Walker continues writing â€Å"There was a world in my eye and I saw that it was possible to live it: that in fact, for all it had taught me of shame and ager and inner vision, I did love it† and closes her essay with a reference to Stevie Wonder’s song â€Å"Always† (5). Such is similar in Angelou’s self experience of shame to Urbanczyk, Page 3 edemption. During Angelou’s graduation ceremony a young man from her student body, Henry Reed, takes the podium in an effort to rejoice his graduating classes of 1940 after the preconceived notions were served by the white speaker, Mr. Edward Donleavy. Reed unites Angelou’s class by taking on the role of orchestra conductor and begins to recite the Negro National Anthem which lifts the spirit of the room. Angelou writes â€Å"The words of Patrick Henry had made such an impression on me that I had been able to tretch myself tall and trembling and say: â€Å" I know not what course others may take, but as for me, give me liberty of give me death. † While echoes of the song shrived in the air, Henry Reed bowed his head. † Angelou then closes with; â€Å"We were on top again. As always, again, we survived. † Although Angelou and Walker’s experiences weren’t quite the same, the concluding writing styles of their essays are very meaningful and leave the reader with an enlightened sense of their character. Growing up during this time requires both Angelou and Walker to wear a tough layer of skin. Both these Negro girls become achievers despite what society has to say. It is hard to imagine what it was like growing up in their time but without it the world may have never acquired writers such as Angelou and Walker. Even though it is somewhat sad to read the struggle each woman faced it is wonderful to know the outcome and fortune that each have had all through their brilliant writing ethics. Maya Angelou and Alice walker will continue on as famous writers, but furthermore legendary women.

The current xenophobic attacks in South Africa Research Paper

The current xenophobic attacks in South Africa - Research Paper Example The recent xenophobic violence in South Africa is believed to have erupted after some anti foreigner and hateful comments made by the Zulu King Goodwill Zwelithini, who is believed to have a considerable influence amongst the dominant Zulu ethnic group (Aljazeera, 2015). The current violence in South Africa has targeted poor migrants from the rest of the African nations like the people from Nigeria and Zimbabwe (Essa, 2015). Many of the African nations were indeed shocked at the rise of the xenophobic violence in South Africa in the recent times. In the current violence in the nation, the South African citizens targeted the foreigners scattered across varied townships around the country (Essa, 2015). This gave way to massive killing, plundering, raping and looting of the foreigners living in South Africa. It indeed showed an ugly aspect of the South African society. In these xenophobic attacks it became clear that the South African society has a xenophobic side to it. Since the fall of apartheid in 1994, South Africa aspired to become a ‘rainbow nation’, a place where nobody is discriminated against owing to one’s race or nationality. However, the current violence has shown that South Africa eventually happens to be a society where people are discriminated against owing to their race and nationality (Essa, 2015). The racial discrimination earlier targeted all the black South Africans. However, in an independent and democratic South Africa, the discrimination has found a new target, and they are the foreigners. This has once again reminded people of the days of apartheid. It has made people realize that the institutionalized racism that constituted a big force in the racist South Africa, will take much time before it dies. The xenophobic discrimination is not new to South Africa, but is a force that has been impacting the nation since the days of apartheid. The current

Debates regarding English Civil War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Debates regarding English Civil War - Essay Example However, it is important to know the exact definition of historiography. According to Dictionary.com, historiography includes ‘the narrative presentation of history based on critical examination, evaluation, and selection of material from primary and secondary sources and subject to scholarly criteria’. 3 In this way, historiography includes the analysis of all the events from the history by a number of scholars, belonging to different school of thoughts. The English Civil War forms an attraction for many scholars and historians; therefore, the paper attempts to discuss the different school of thoughts, ranging from contemporary views to traditional views. It also encompasses the works of scholars such as Marxists, Revolutionists, and the Post-Revolutionists. A number of views related to the matter of the English Civil War, regarding the reasons, events and the results of the war. The paper shall examine the works of contemporary school of thought. The two famous philoso phers and thinkers of that time included Thomas Hobbes and Clarendon. Hobbes interpretation of the Civil War was surmised in his work, Behemoth, which has largely been ignored in history by a number of historians, coming after his time. Â  Therefore, middle-class people were looking for new ways to bring equality in economic earnings. 4Hobbes works also included Leviathan, which is regarded as one of the ‘seminal works of modern political thought’. Hobbes work on Civil War was quite different, for he traced the beginnings of the Civil War to both the present and the distant future. He stated the relationship between the church and state and the man and the state, and reached into the religious past, rooted in the biblical sense of the world. There had been problems in the definition of sovereignty, priests, prophets, and subjects. Such confusions eventually led to immense confusion and eventually lead to English Revolution. Hobbes works centered on philosophical thought, therefore they are sometimes quite difficult to grasp. Historians who have analyzed Hobbes works claim that it is quite evident in Hobbes work that he regarded the political sphere to be separate from religious values, which meant that God did not take part in the everyday mundane life of politics. Therefore, his work on the English Civil War mainly focused on the social and economic contexts, rather than the religious basis of the war. 5 Some historical works may become prejudiced at times, because the people, participating in the events, write them. Earl of Clarendon’s History of Rebellion, which focused on the events of the English Civil War, remains one of the living presences of historic works.

Utilitarian versus Retributivist Views Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Utilitarian versus Retributivist Views - Essay Example The essence, focal points, main ideas and the merits of these two main theories are therefore to be discussed forthwith, in the ensuing discourse. Primarily, utilitarianism places focus on the consequences of the punishment, while retributivism is concerned with the retributive justice which is associated with the infliction of harm on the transgressor. Ideas Used In Utilitarian or Retributivist Theories Given that that utilitarianism is both a theory of punishment and ethics, it mainly takes on a consequentialist nature, because of its particular focus on the consequences of actions that have been executed by a particular group or an individual. Because of this, the moral theoretical standpoint of utilitarianism is that the balance of good and bad in a given action generates either good or bad. Under the principle of the greatest good for the greatest number, pain stems from the bad, while pleasure, from the good. Because of this, pain and pleasure are taken by utilitarians as the y ardsticks for values in a utilitarian system. The import of this is that utilitarians deem punishment as being evil in itself, or intrinsically evil. The evil that utilitarians see in the infliction of punishment is premised on the assumption that punishment heralds suffering or unhappiness. Utilitarians hold it that despite the negative connotations of punishment, yet its consequences can be positive, and hence, justifiable (Ewing, 1927). On the converse, retributionists see punishment as being intrinsically good. In fact, so convinced are retributionists about the goodness of punishment that that they assert that even if it appears that nothing beneficial will come from the meting out of punishment, yet it is expedient. This is to the extent that Emmanuel Kant waxes polemical that even if the end of the world should be imminent, yet the need to execute the last murder convict in prison is still indispensible. To retributivism, the meting out of punishment is intrinsically good sin ce: it is needful for the dispensation of justice; it allows people the chance to be treated in the manner that they deserve; and it allows people to treat one another with utmost respect, as autonomous agents, given that their choices and actions determine how they will be treated, in turn. In this case, there is justification of punishment since it is premised on a rational individual’s action. To utilitarians, the retributional approach to punishment and justification is unfavorable since it only increases the extent of suffering in the world, instead of abating it. Again, utilitarians posit that by vouching for the meting out of punishment, instead of reducing the suffering of this world, retributionists compound them, without making any reimbursements for them. Because of this, the retributionist approach does not move the world towards utmost happiness (the greatest pleasure for the greatest number), but away from it. The gravity of this is that utilitarianism takes awa y from the justification of punishment, given that punishment imposes suffering (Leo, 2006). Instead, for the utilitarians, the justification

Should the internet be sensored Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Should the internet be sensored - Research Paper Example So, should the internet be censored? Yes, it has because of the reasons discussed below. Protection of social norms. There is a lot of misinformation that is corrupting the current society through censorship; some laws that are fighting against cultural erosion like exposure of pornographic materials to children can get a voice. Children need proper protection (McCarthy, Martha: pp. 83). They have to be safeguarded from this kind of violence that is so public on the internet. Parents may not be in a position to look after their children at all times due to commitment at work. While they may assume their kids are safe while accessing the internet, it may not always be the case. Pornography and other sexy images act like a magnetic pull especially to underage adolescents. All they want is to have a look at how the opposite sex looks like. This in the end corrodes their young minds. It is filled with filth and unnecessary stuff. For this reason, some may end up developing behaviors that arise due to loneliness. Some may end up being gay or lesbians since the materials on t he internet convince them to think so and find it normal to divert from the society norms. If the government censors the internet, it may be in a position to block such confusing contents for children and help parents who spend little time with their children. Security reasons. Terrorists are using the internet in making their moves. It has made it easy for them to identify and locate places to attack. While most of the journalists may think everything is news that has to be blogged, it may give deadly tips to people with an evil mind. Take this case, a few years ago, someone made claims of making assault rifles using materials of a printer. While it hit international news headlines, some bloggers got a chance to write about it. Yes, it was good to make people inform people about the

The use of undrained triaxial test Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The use of undrained triaxial test - Lab Report Example The graph for normal stress against a shear stress is gives a straight line from the origin. This insinuates that for both shear stresses, an increase in normal pressure applied leads to increase in shear stress. Further, from the graph it is obvious that shear strength yields a greater frictional angle and failure envelope than that for the residual strength as expected for soils.With application of the masses, shear stress initially increased rapidly upto a certain point, after-which the increase reduced. Generally, this shows that with increasing loads, the shear stresses also increase. As shown in the graph, there is a strong positive increase observed in the value of shear strength upto the peak point where the slope starts to decrease into a shallow gradient. It is at this point that the residual stress is observed. The range for effective angles of friction range between 35 degrees for dense sands and 27 degrees for loose sands (Helwany, 2007, 107). Our results fall into these values that gives a medium density outcome for our sample. Consequently, the results are in line with the expectations that the peak strength should be greater than residual strength of the soil.Even though the experiment was successful in meeting its objective, there might have been sources of errors leading to slight deviations witnessed. Most obvious source is human errors arising when taking the readings from the instruments used. Further, there might have been mistakes when setting up the apparatus such as the shear box.

Business environment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Business environment - Assignment Example Meaning of Perfect Competition 20 b)ii. Perfect Competition in the UK Fast Food Industry 21 c)i. Three Regulatory Mechanisms Currently in Force in the UK Fast Food Industry 22 c)ii. Compliance of Regulations by McDonald’s 23 Task 4 25 a)Role of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Globalisation 25 b)Advantages and Disadvantages of Price Intervention in the EU Agricultural Sector 26 c)Benefits and Disadvantages Gained By UK Businesses from Entry into the European Monetary Union 28 References 30 Task 1 a) i. Mission of Starbucks Starbucks is recognised as one of the most famous coffee manufacturing and marketing companies. The company was established in 1971 and till date it continues with a broad distribution of channel of 1600 shops in almost 50 countries. The company has also been recognised for its significant consideration to the quality maintenance in serving its customers, partners and the community at large (Starbucks Coffee Company, 2010). In order to maintain its focus o n the quality aspect along with the overall organisational development, the company considers a mission statement. This mission statement tends to direct the organisational strategies and the strategic objectives of the company as well. The mission statement developed by the company depicts its concern regarding the quality of the products’ served with due consideration to its partners’ interest and the requirements of its targeted customers. The company also concentrates on the aspect of customer satisfaction in terms of efficient services through its retail outlets and restaurants. One of the most significant aspects of the mission statement considered by Starbucks is its concern regarding the environment. It is worth mentioning that the mission statement of the company reflects that Starbucks implement environment friendly strategies in its supply chain management to a significant level (Starbucks Corporation, 2011). a) ii. Practical Objectives of Starbucks Consider ing the defined mission statement, Starbucks has determined its objectives for the current fiscal year 2011-2012 as follows. To attain a profitable growth in the international industry To emerge as a leader in the single-cup coffee product segment To expand its customer base and its market share globally To accelerate the growth in the retail segment of the company in the US To attain stimulated growth in the Chinese market To be more focussed on the partners interest To repay the community through efficient service (Starbucks Corporation, 2010) It can be apparently witnessed from the above description of Starbucks’ mission and objectives that a rational link exists between the organisational objectives and its mission. b) i. Comprehensive Stakeholder Map Stakeholders have emerged to be one of the significant facets of the modern day phenomenon of business management. Stakeholders are often defined as â€Å"persons, groups, neighbourhoods, organizations, institutions, societ ies, and even the natural environment are generally thought to qualify as actual or potential stakeholders† (Mitchel & Et. Al., 1997). Based on this definition, the stakeholders of Starbucks can be identified as follows: Employees Business Partners Customers Suppliers Shareholders Community members (Starbucks Corpor

Animal Testing Should Be Banned Essay Example for Free

Animal Testing Should Be Banned Essay Kyle is a little white mouse who lives in a lab. Unlike others, he doesn’t have to worry about risking his life for food. But of course there are worse things. His mother was being cut alive to test for a reaction to certain products and his dad was being tested for different types of drugs, which made him lost the ability to see. Kyle knows his destiny, he’s still waiting for his day to come, and he’ll never forget the hopeless look in his mother’s eye. He watched his mother being rudely taking out of the cage, tortured and abused. He only hopes that someone will understand how he feels, but even that is too scary to think about. Animal testing still exists, and also happens to be legal, which is ironic because it’s injustice and murder. The hidden murderers around us are killing innocent animals. Animal testing is physical abuse, which in turn affects the environment. Animals don’t have the ability to communicate with humans, but that doesn’t mean they deserve having their life taken away. Most animals that have been used for testing lost their ability to see or hear. Some have even died. Not to mention the chance of extinction. Certain animals’ DNA or cell tissues are also being used; it harms the skulls and makes unsafe reproduction. Surprisingly about 75% of the testing is for things like cosmetic, drugs and personal caring products. Animals have their own rights too; they do not deserve to be abused. Another reason animal testing should be banned is that if it’s not taken care of, it often causes diseases and the flu. Animals in the lab are often under stress, this makes the results not trust-worthy compared to normal reactions. Also animals and human have different DNA patterns. The observation from animals can sometimes be wrong with humans. Certain animals are killed or abandoned in the wild after testing. Predators still hunt them, which ruin the environment, the food chain. Scientists have discovered many new ways ensure our safety. Computer modeling, artificial skin, improved statistical design, etc. Many more companies have started to use organic ingredients for their products. That does not only benefit the animal, it also benefits us. In order to let the Earth be in its original state, producing less chemical, less wastes are necessary. There are many better ways we can do without murder innocent animals. The world is a place for all living things. Every species deserve equality. Think about Kyle and many more animals are going through the same life. It up to us to make some changes, so protect the animals, protect the environment, which is protecting us.

Preventing Delinquency and Recidivism

Preventing Delinquency and Recidivism Demetrius Deaver In chapter twelve the book talks about preventing juvenile crime. Society has to remember that youths are going through an adolescence stage. So kids cognitive skills are not fully development and they might act without thinking. Its important that society try to help reduce juvenile crime and try to have interventions so there wont be a high recidivism rate. Recidivism is a repeated offender or going back to jail. Theres a lot factors for high recidivism rate. Studies has shown that the higher the at-risk environment, the more likely someone will recidivate (Measuring Recidivism 2008). Prevention is the creation of conditions, opportunities and experiences that encourage and develop healthy, self-sufficient children and that occur before the onset of problems (Arizona State Senate 2002). Prevention, efforts that help prevent a youth from entering the juvenile justice system as a delinquent (Florida Department of Juvenile Justice 2008). There is two ways to classify prevention efforts. The two ways are prevention versus control and the three levels of delinquency prevention. Prevention is before the delinquent act and control is the measure thats taken after delinquent behavior. Theres three kinds of prevention, corrective prevention, punitive prevention and Mechanical prevention. Corrective prevention goal is to eliminate the conditions that causes criminal behavior. Punitive prevention goal is to use punishment. Mechanical prevention goal is to tighten security. The three levels of delinquency are primary prevention, secondary prevention and Tertiary prevention. Primary prevention goal is to change society and the conditions that leads to criminal activity. Secondary prevention goal is to have interventions with individuals to deter them from crime. Tertiary prevention goal is to prevent recidivism. Researchers has found out that anticrime programs dont work. Criminologist Lawrence W. Sherman and others review more than 500 scientific evaluations of crime-prevention programs funded by the Justice Department, with a special focus on factors relating to juvenile crime and program effects on youth violence, and concluded that the following programs dont work (Sherman et al. 1998, 7). Programs such as gun buyback programs, boot camps, scared straight, Dare programs, Drug prevention and many more. Even though some of these programs dont work, it strengthens kids relationships with family and school. The Center for the Study and Prevention of Violence (CSPV) is blueprints to find effective violence prevention programs to help communities implicate them. Out of 900 programs about 11 programs has shown results of reducing juvenile behavior, aggression, substance abuse and other behaviors. The Midwest Prevention Project (MPP) is a community based program for adolescent drug abuse prevention that targets ages 10 to 12. The goal is to reduce the use of gateway drugs. Big Brothers Big Sister of America (BBBS) is a mentor program. Functional Family Therapy (FFT) is a family intervention program for youths ages 11 to 18. The goal is to reduce bad behavior. Life Skills Training (LST) is an in class program prevention of tobacco, alcohol and drug abuse. The goal of the program is to prevent early uses of substances.ÂÂ   Multisystemic Therapy (MST) evaluate kids who has antisocial disorders. The reduced of gun violence has put stricter restrictions on guns and also put officers in area s where gun crime happens. Gang prevention will have a major impact on reducing crime. Anti-gang programs like behavior codes, graffiti removal, conflict prevention strategies, crisis management and community involvement. The book discusses many more prevention programs that help reduce crime. References Arizona State Senate. 2002. Arizona Statute 8-201. Florida Department of Juvenile Justice. 2008. Florida Statute CH 985.03. Measuring Recidivism. 2008 (February 20). Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice. Sherman, Lawrence W., Denise C. Gottfredson, Doris L. Mackenzie, John Eck, Peter Reuter, and Shawn D. Bushway. 1998 (July). Preventing crime: What Works, What Doesnt, Whats Promising. Washington, DC: U.S Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice Research in Brief. (NCJ 171676).

compare and contrast comic heros with mythology :: essays research papers

Compare and contrast comic book hero’s with mythology   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Comic book heroes and mythological creatures have a lot of differences, and a lot of similarities. They can be huge differences, or small ones. Either way, they’re both different in some ways.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some differences between comic book heroes and mythology ones are that there was a possibility that the mythological creatures actually lived. Unlike comic book ones, they’re all made up stories that seem to attract kids into reading them. One way that they do it is by making it exciting so it seems like they really lived. Another difference is that all the comic book hero’s have abnormal powers like laser eyes. However, the mythological creatures don’t have abnormal powers, but they do in some way look abnormal. For example, Argos the hundred-eyed monster, and the Minotaur. Both of these can be considered heroes in some way, but to other people, they weren’t really anything.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Other than the differences between both of them, they do have similarities too. One similarity that first pops up in my mind is that they must be good people. Cause who would consider a bad guy a hero? Other than that, another similarity between both of them are that they’re abnormal in some way. An example from a comic book is Super-Man; He has super strength that allows him to move heavy objects. Now an example from mythology, Hermes, the messenger of the gods, had such swift moving feet that he could deliver messages in minutes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To conclude, I think that there’s a huge difference between these 2 kinds of hero’s. The comic book heroes are fictional of course because they’re hand drawn images.

The International Community and Responsibility to Protect Essay

The International Community has a Right to Intervene in Sovereign States in order to end Serious Human Rights Abuses? Discuss. Humanitarian intervention is definitely one of the most controversial subjects of the recent decades- among states, international organizations, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and academia. The centre of the debate is the clash of traditional principles of state sovereignty and new adopted norms on use of force for humanitarian purposes. Despite the political controversies between the countries, humanitarian intervention is now an international norm which calls for action anytime there are serious mass life threatening occurrences in any country. In 2001, ICISS (International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty) - supported by the Canadian Government - introduced a report which would advance Humanitarian Intervention concept to a "Responsibility to Protect" (or â€Å"R2P). ICISS Report referred to the "right of humanitarian intervention" as a "coercive - and in particular military - action, against another state for the purpose of protecting people at risk in that other state" (ICISS, 2001, p. vii). Lack of political will, disagreement in the international community, or over-rationality about the costs of intervention has caused terrible atrocities - which have taken forms of genocide or ethnic cleansing - that have cost lives of millions (Power, 2011; J. Bajorja & R. McMahon, 2013). Humanitarian Intervention's new doctrine "Responsibility to Protect" is embraced by United Nations as a necessary means to prevent and punish atrocities. Yet, there are state actors as China and Russia which challenge its implementation. I argue that it is very important to save Humanitarian Inter... ...reviews . Power, S. (2011). Bystanders to Genocide. The Atlantic Monthly , 84-108. Roth, K. (2004). War in Iraq: Not a Humanitarian Intervention. Human Rights Watch . S. N. Macfarlane, C. J Thielking & T. G Weiss. (2004). The Responsibility to Protect: Is anyone interested in human intervention? Third World Quarterly , 977-992. Secretary-General, U. (2002, February 15). Secretary-General Addresses International Peace Academy Seminar on The Responsability to Protect. UN document SG/SM/8125 . Selfa, L. (2002). A new colonial "age of empire"? International Socialist Review . Traub, J. (2012, February 18). The End of American Intervention . New York Times . (1648). Treaty of Westphalia. International Relations and Security Network. United Nations Secretary-General. (1999). Report of the Secretary-General on the Work of the Organisation, A/54/1. United Nations.

The Supernatural in Hamlet and Macbeth Essay -- GCSE English Literatur

The Supernatural in Hamlet and Macbeth  Ã‚        Ã‚   In both Hamlet and Macbeth, the supernatural plays a very important role. Supernatural elements are crucial to the plot and they also have a more thematic part as well. Shakespeare presents the ghost in Hamlet, and the witches and ghost in Macbeth, as disrupting elements that not only enhance drama, but also tear apart the existing order of things. They force the title character of each play to undergo their own internal struggle that grows from their insecurity of living up to the image of a man.       First, let us consider Hamlet. The presence of the supernatural takes center stage at the beginning with a dramatic appearance of the ghost of Hamlet's father. Although the ghost does not speak, his presence is seen and already disrupts. It is in later in this first act where the ghost plays it's first and most crucial part. In Scene V of act I, Hamlet and his father's Ghost appear together and alone. The ghost says, "A serpent stung me, so the whole ear of Denmark/Is by a forged process of my death/Rankly abus'd"(I.v.36-38). The first seed of disrupting things (both Hamlet's identity and Denmark) is planted here. The ghost's words make it clear that his murder was not only a crime against him, but also a crime against the land.       The core of the play then unfolds from the actions and words of this ghost. Hamlet's revenge against his uncle is certainly fueled by the ghost's words, but the ghost seems to serve a more subtle and internal part here. In the famous "To be or not to be" soliloquy (III.i.55-88), Hamlet makes it clear his is not only unsure of what action to take, but unsure of himself as well. It seems his father's aberration confuses Hamlet ... ...e serves as ghosts in the machine of the character's life. And it is that which really kills them or drives them to their death in the end.    Works Cited and Consulted: Bloom, Harold. "Introduction." Modern Critical Interpretations: Hamlet. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York City: Chelsea House Publishers, 1986. 1-10. Bradley, A.C. "The Witch Scenes in Macbeth." England in Literature. Ed. John Pfordesher, Gladys V. Veidemanis, and Helen McDonnell. Illinois: Scott, Foresman, 1989. 232-233 Goldman, Michael. Critical Essays on Shakespeare's Hamlet. Ed. David Scott Kaston. New York City: Prentice Hall International. 1995. The Riverside Shakespeare: Second Edition Houghtom Mifflin Company Boston/New York   G. Blakemore Evans and J.J.M Tobin eds. Shakespeare, William. Macbeth. Edited by Norman Sanders. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984      

Knowledge to Cook Essay

India is popular in many sectors around the globe. Taste is one among them. For some people it is link to occasions and others as memories. They make fun and call their places with certain names like Chennai sambar, Hyderabad biryani, Mumbai vada pao, Rajasthan kachori many more. At colleges or work places as we meet different culture people and start calling out the person by their native food item names and behaviour is described by food items. Doctors say that eating good food helps for a good health but making the taste make much better health. These days the trend is the fast food culture where people forgot about their traditional food. This made India to face many health issues. This generation home makers and kids don’t know about their own traditional food followed from centuries. Some of them are interested in having those traditional foods but as of busy life’s these days they adopted the system of buying in home foods or sweet shops. Where the costs are high and less in quality. The best think ever I know to do is cooking and considered as creativity. Needs all senses to engage with cooking. I have a strong feeling that art of cooking is hereditary. In my family where my grandma’s and aunt’s have that skill of cooking traditional food. These indulge me to cooking when I was 8, simply by toasting a dose. Trying different recipes make me know about variant cultural food habits and nutrition value. Before cooking any dish I understand its own origin, history. I learnt that certain pattern styles is not enough for cooking but also need to select proper utensils. There is choice for anything even in cooking, vegetarian and non vegetarian. For me the best part of cooking easy is the non-veg items because that’s my favourite and I enjoy it a lot. Here comes the picture of technology ‘GURU’ for all ‘GOOGLE PROFESSOR’ usage started, gone through various web sites and experiments took place, continuing now even. As I’m a Telugu girl learned the basic cooking at home and now had no idea about the traditional items being cooked for the festivals. I’m interested in experimenting, so there the journey started for learning traditional cooking. Pongal festival time is the day we find the traditional cooking starts. When I visited to my grandparent’s village the preparation started and observed many different things over there.

How Much Land Does a Man Nee Essay

A parable often contains irony, because the lesson of the story may be obvious to readers but not to the main character—at least until it’s too late. Irony refers to literary techniques used by a writer to portray differences between appearance and reality, expectation and result, or meaning and intention. In dramatic irony, there is a contradiction between what a character thinks and what the reader knows to be true. In irony of situation, an event occurs that directly contradicts the expectations of the characters or the reader. Often, an event in a story is ironic only in hindsight. Complete the following chart by telling why each example listed from Tolstoy’s story is ironic. The first one has been answered for you. When you are finished, answer the question that follows. Unit 2: Striving for Success Story Event 1. Pahom says, â€Å"If I had plenty of land, I shouldn’t fear the Devil himself!† 2. Pahom is angry when he gets fined by the woman’s manager, because he is careful with his animals. 3. Pahom’s heart fills with joy as he looks at his land. Why It’s Ironic The devil is listening and will tempt Pahom by giving him land. 4. Pahom is ten times better off in the Volga than he had been. 5. Pahom thinks he is tricking the Bashkir chief by getting a great deal on the land. 6. Pahom dies of exhaustion after marking off a huge area of land.

The Role of Lease Financing in Bangladesh

Introduction Lease financing is comparatively a new concept in the financial sector and has got recognition as aninnovative source of finance for accelerating the pace of industrialization as well as economic growth of  Bangladesh. Leasing companies have registered substantial growth in lease financing during the year 1985through 1994.Since 1995 to date, growth in lease market has significantly slowed down because of sluggisheconomic activities, withdrawal of incentives by the government, imposition of cash resource requirementwith Bangladesh Bank as per Finance Act 1998, expansion of number of leasing institutions, lack of  diversification of service and of awareness in business community about leasing etc. Researchers have alsofound that leasing companies need to develop their professionals and should come in the market with newmarketing strategy. BackgroundBangladesh is a least developed country in the world with per capita GDP Tk. 11. 284 (USD 230). She suffersfrom poverty, i mperfection in both, factor and product market, continuous in equilibrium in the economy,defective administrative structure in both financial and non-financial sector, inappropriate tax structure,heavy dependence on assistance from World Bank including other International Lending Agencies andDonor Countries, lack of capital stock, massive unemployment, political turmoil and unhealthy environmentfor investment.With the emergence of Bangladesh as an independent country in 1971, the thenGovernment nationalized all commercial Banks with the hope of accelerating industrial growth throughfinancial, fiscal and other supports. Since the inception of independent Bangladesh, Commercial Banks,Development Financial Institutions and Investment Corporation of Bangladesh have been the major sourcesof industrial finance in the country. These Banks were predominately serving the public sector by extendingsupport in the form of long term loan, working capital finance, bridge finance etc. and had limi ted experiencein trade, commerce and industry.Due to dearth of experience in investment decision, project financing,recovery of loan and recycle of loan, both entrepreneurs and Banking Financial Institutions coupled withdifficulties at every stage of development and accomplishment which ultimately led to the emergence of  many sick industries. The Development Financial Institutions (DFI s) that depend largely on external assistance suffer fromfinancial constrains because of ineffective project appraisal. Imprudent investment decisions, poor recoveryand inability to recycle of loan which resulted in withdrawal of fund by international donors.As a result of  poor performance and withdrawal of external support, the liquidity position of DFI s have declined and abilityof sanctioning fresh loan and of refinancing sick industries reduced. Nationalized commercial Banks areusually reluctant to finance capital expenditure due to higher financial risk and poor recovery and designedto prom ote the nonproductive sectors. Besides, their loan operation was substantially diminished due toadditional cash reserve requirement imposed by Bangladesh Bank in order to curb inflation. Consequently,genuine industrial clients are affected by their limited access to the long-term local currency loan.Thiscontention is evident from the fact that the private sector remains in massive default to the DFI s and NCB s,90% of borrowers to DFI s are in defaulting and recovery rates are as low as 10% of the total recoverableamount. On the other hand, Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE), the only stock market of Bangladesh is not wellorganized and therefore failed to mobilize sufficient fund to meet the demand of the capital market of thecountry. During 1972-84, public sector financial institutions were found totally failure in developing industrialsector and promoting first generation of industrial entrepreneurs

Benefits of Online Shopping

Benefits of Online Shopping: 1) Convenience: The convenience of this method of shopping is the best advantage of online shopping. One does not have to wait in a line or wait till the shop assistant is ready to help with the purchases. Shopping can be done in minutes even if one is busy apart from saving time and avoiding crowds. Online shops give the opportunity to shop 24 x 7 and also reward us with a ‘no pollution’ shopping. There is no better place to buy information products like e-books. Immediately after the payment is made one can download the information.And downloadable items purchased online eliminate the need for any kind of material goods at all. 2) Better Prices: The cheap deals and better prices we can get from online stores is fascinating because products come to you direct from the manufacturer or seller without middlemen involved. Many online shops offer discount coupons and rebates. Apart from this, the Online Store is only required to collect sales tax if they have a physical location in our state even if we buy from a store across the world. ) Variety: The choices you can get for products are amazing. One can get several brands and products from different sellers at one place. You can get in on the latest international trends without spending money on airfare. When you shop online, you can shop from retailers in other parts of the country or even the world without being limited by geographic area. These stores offer a far greater selection of colors and sizes than you will find locally. ) Send Gifts: Online Shopping makes sending gifts to relatives and friends easy, no matter where ever they stay. Now there is no need of making distance an excuse for not sending a gift on occasions like Birthday, Wedding Anniversary, Marriage, Valentine’s Day, Mother’s Day etc. 5) Fewer Expenses: Many times when we opt for conventional shopping we tend to spend a lot more than the required shopping expenses on things like eating ou t, traveling, impulsive shopping etc. ) Comparison of Prices: Online shops make comparison and research of products and prices possible. Online stores also give you the ability to share information and reviews with other shoppers who have first-hand experience with a product or retailer. 7) Crowds: Crowds force us to do a hurried shopping most of the time. Grumpy or irritating people and those who smell bad are a huge turn off. Crowds also create a problem when it comes to finding a parking place nearby where you want to shop and going back to your vehicle later loaded with shopping bags. ) Compulsive Shopping: Many times when we go out on Shopping we end up buying things which we do not require because of the shop keepers up selling skills. Sometimes we even compromise on our choices because of the lack of choices in those shops. 9) Buying Old or unused Stuff at low prices: Online Shops make it possible for us to buy old or unused stuff at rock bottom prices. If we want to buy anti ques there is no better options than online stores. 10) Discreet Purchases: Some things are better done in privacy. Online shops are also best for discreet purchases like adult toys, sexy lingerie and so on.

Famine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Famine - Essay Example Social, economic, and political forces are more likely to be the driving forces behind widespread starvation than drought, floods, or natural disasters. In addition, the effects of famine, even for a short period, may be irreversible in children who are malnourished during their developmental years. This paper will examine the causes that create and perpetuate famine as well as the short and long-term effects on individuals and the larger social structure. It will conclude by offering some recommendations on minimizing the severity and effects of famine. This report will reveal the man-made reasons for the mis-distribution of food around the planet and the lasting health effects it has on the children of today and the adults of tomorrow. There are varying degrees and severities of hunger and famine that confront the people of the world. Often there are temporary and transitory conditions, such as the weather, that cause a short-term period of under-nutrition. However, in some parts of the world the problem is more severe. During the next year, as many as 6 million preschool children will die of acute starvation (Pinstrup-Anderson & Cheng, 2007). Many more children will feel the greatest long-term health effects of severe malnutrition. While the problem can be found worldwide, including the developed countries of Europe and North America, it is predominantly an issue for Africa and some parts of Asia. Almost all those affected are the rural poor who have lost social and economic access to food.Almost universally, at the core of starvation are poverty and the inability to acquire the most basic nutritional needs. External events such as draught, floods, and natural disasters contribute to famine, but are not the drivi ng cause. Scrimshaw (1987, p.6) noted that the widespread famine in Ethiopia during 1984 and 1985 was due to the poverty that arose from "primitive cultivation methods, as archaic land tenure system, overgrazing, exploitation of peasant farmers, lack of transport systems, and heavy bureaucracies". There was not a systemic shortage of food, but there was no economic means to acquire it and no motivation on the part of the social system to provide it. As the economic condition worsens, people sell off assets such as animals and land and are left destitute (Swift, 2006, p.45). In Bangladesh during the 1972-1975 famine, there was a wide availability of international aid that flowed into the country. However, the rural poor in Bangladesh during this period were denied even the basics due to a lack of political clout and the irregular distribution of the food supplies to the more wealthy, rather than those who did not have the money for even the barest minimum of rations (Dowlah, 2006, p. 349). In the midst of an ample food supply, abject poverty will still prevent the poorest population segments from obtaining the necessary food. While poverty is a generic factor that is almost universally at the core of famine, there are many other factors that contribute to the poverty, or exploit the poverty situation. The tragic famine that gripped Bangladesh in 1972 was made worse by a nine month long guerrilla war that devastated the existing economy. According to Dowlah (2006, p.346), "War dislocations, along with critical shortages of agricultural ingredients - seeds, fertilizer, and irrigation - prevented the proper planting of crops". The self-imposed militant isolation of North Korea

Community Field Visit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Community Field Visit - Essay Example One distinct assessment relates with the area’s population—majority of citizens were decidedly African-Americans and Hispanic in origin. The implication that there is a relation of poor economic conditions and domination of darker-skinned residents can somehow hold a ground basis. Further explorations throughout the day revealed several outcomes. Similar with other cities, students and workers alike go on with their routine activities—going to their respected destination and coming home by the end of the day. As night time falls, however, depicts a different scenario. Groups of mixed young adult races, mainly African-American and Hispanics, prowled the streets of Orange City, each pursuing various habits—smoking and drinking, etc. In an article on Orange City (2004), statistics demonstrated that only a small percentage attained a college degree, while majority graduated in high school. Moreover, the crime index in the area by 2006 reached almost 13,000. The low academic attainment of residents may seem to contribute to its poor economic state, while high criminal rates had possibly scared off potential business investors—resulting in shortage of job opportunities and lack of income source. In a book by Kirst-Ashman and Hull (2009), one of the organizational models emphasized was the need to identify targets for change in community settings. Targeting for change, as emphasized by Sheafor and Horejsi (2006), â€Å"provides direction for the leader and followers† (as cited in Kirst-Ashman & Hull, 2009, p. 83). In this case, a specific group (African-American young adults), are likely to be the identified targets in need of change. Clearly, the presence of economic deprivation, where there is â€Å"inadequate or unjust access to financial resources†¦such as job discrimination, unemployment, insufficient work benefits† can be applied basing from the situation presented (Kirst-Ashman & Hull,

Metric Machine Parts and Supplies Corporation Research Paper

Metric Machine Parts and Supplies Corporation - Research Paper Example The workforce of only 25000 with the limited networking facility could not manage the large customer base. Therefore, the company has decided to outsource (share) the network management facility. The core issue can be summarized as: The Metric Machine Parts and Supplier Corp. is facing issues in network management facility, required for managing heavy network base for the customers. 2. Discussion of the Problem within the Context of the Problem. The company’s heavy network base has now been managed by internal and external networking facilities. Following are some technical problems the company faces: 2.1 Crashed Network As a result of heavy network, the connectivity problems arose, due to which the network periodically crashes. 2.2 Poor Customer Service The crashed network results in an inability to provide up-to-the-mark services to the customers. 2.3 E-mail Interruptions Another major impact of the whole networking problem linked with the poor customer service is the e-mail blockage and interruption. 2.4 High Cost Cost of managing two network bases, i.e. internal and external, and eradication of networking errors has become too high. 2.5 Poor Service by the Telecom Network Management Company The outsourced telecom network management company has proved to be the major business problem for MMPS. The reason is the poor service rendered by the network management company. The company often disagrees that there is even a problem and does not properly address MMPS networking errors. 3. Recommendations in Applications of the technology, Processes and Policies Internal management of overwhelmed network management facility requires highly technical and experienced telecom engineers to manage the network functions of the company (Mayer, Jiang, Xi, McCarron, & Chang, 2010). As mentioned above, the major problem faced by MMPS is the handling of heavy network problems. The most congenial solution to the problem is to develop a system that can easily incorporate the internally managed heavy networking issues. In order to internally manage the networking problem, MMPS should incorporate the Cross Domain Network Management System. 3.1 Application of the Technology The Cross Domain Networking System is one of the most widely used and recommended telecom network management systems (Lu, 2009), that can help companies like MMPS to individually manage the whole networking system without any interruption. 3.2 Process Of Cross Domain NMS: The Cross Domain Networking System functions is a way that allows the operation system of telecom network engineering to gather information and systematically integrate it into the system in a consistent manner so that the large number of different customers can be entertained at the same time without interruption (Etheridge, Chen, Tanaka & Watanabe, 1998). 3.3 Policies Of Cross Domain NMS: The Cross Domain Networking System follows the policies of providing fully secured services for the customer, so the confidential information of the customers can be preserved. 4. Impacts or Risks of the Applied Solutions. The applied solution of the Cross Domain Networking System has some shortcomings or limitations that relate with implementing the solely controlled network managem

Drivers of automobiles using cellular phones Essay

Drivers of automobiles using cellular phones - Essay Example Use of cell phone while driving is no less dangerous than drunk driving, and thus, should be condemned equally. People tend to deny that using cell phones while driving is dangerous and see it as a debatable topic. Cell phone use while driving is dangerous and the biggest evidence of this is the acknowledgement of dangers associated with this practice by the people who indulge in it. According to Gallup and Gallup (2003, p. 432), two-thirds of people that make use of cell phone as they drive disregard the idea that this practice is safe. There has been considerable law-making against eating while driving and sitting a child on the lap of the driver while he/she drives. Cell phone use while driving is much more dangerous than any of these cases because this practice distracts the driver mentally and makes him/her mentally absent while he/she is physically on the driving seat. The risk of using cell phone while driving increases considerably with age. As people age, they decline in the ir agility of reflexes and are not able to make best use of their capabilities. Ranney and Pulling (1990) have noted declines in the processing of information with increase of age. Arenberg (1982) determined increased difficulty in problem solving with increased age while Temple (1989) found that increase in age causes short term memory. All of these factors make the driving increasingly riskier. Findings of these researchers suggest that old people are more susceptible to accidents when they use cell phones while driving as compared to the young people. A lot of research has been conducted in the past to suggest that use of cell phone while driving is dangerous. Use of cell phones instantly slows down the reaction time of drivers and hence, makes them more susceptible to be caught in accidents. Young people hearing calls along with driving are no better than sleepy septuagenarians. David Strayer, the Professor of Psychology in the University of Utah conducted a comprehensive resear ch to analyze the effects of cell phone use on the capability of drivers. The team of researchers determined in 2001 that even the hands-free calls play an important role in distracting the drivers. A reason for this was found in 2003 as a result of the continued research. They found that although the cell phone using drivers look, yet they are not able to see because their mind is focusing on the conversation. If you put a 20-year-old driver behind the wheel with a cell phone, their reaction times are the same as a 70-year-old driver who is not using a cell phone †¦ It’s like instantly aging a large number of drivers †¦ Once drivers on cell phones hit the brakes, it takes them longer to get back into the normal flow of traffic †¦ The net result is they are impeding the overall flow of traffic. (Strayer cited in Britt, 2005). Researchers from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign second the results derived by Strayer and his team. Arthur Kramer, the re search leader said that the cell phone using drivers of any age are not able to pick out significant changes in the surroundings, and their reaction time is also longer accordingly (Britt, 2005). Number of deaths in US per year that can be attributed to the use of cell phones while driving is 26000 while 330000 injuries happen because of accidents that

Local Lawsuit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Local Lawsuit - Essay Example In addition, Bill Gates instructed Andy Grove to close Intel Architecture Laboratories (Liebowitz & Margolis, 2001). These labs maintained Intel’s internet software engineering. Gates wanted Intel to incorporate its internet sources in a web server linked to Microsoft’s Tiger program. This means the web server would have less effect on the market, produce low sales, and include Intel to Microsoft’s web server tools. Intel’s concerns went beyond Intel’s creation of Native Signal Processing technology. The Native Signal Processing technology was a component of software that combined with both the hardware and Windows OS so as to support 3D graphics, real time video, and real time audio. The main aim of this technology was to give clients audio-visual occurrence that was equal to television. Therefore, Microsoft attempted to stop Intel from developing the Native Signal Processing technology (Liebowitz & Margolis, 2001). These actions led to the lawsuit involving the United States and Microsoft. Microsoft Corporation management could have adopted a number of methods to evade the issues that led to the lawsuit. First, Microsoft management should have allowed Intel to continued utilizing Windows for developing their microprocessors (Liebowitz & Margolis, 2001). They could do this without requiring alignment with Intel’s communication and internet software programs. Nonetheless, the management could draft rights for a part of the developed microprocessors. This could give them a legal right to own a component of whatever Intel developed. Microsoft’s management could have shared the company’s application programming line with Intel or any other additional party. These third party corporations could gain full access to Microsoft’s source code, systems, and records (Abramson, 2005). Gates wanted Intel to incorporate its internet sources in a web server linked to Microsoft’s Tiger

Creating Academic and Professional Success Essay - 1

Creating Academic and Professional Success - Essay Example A team is a collection of individuals that have unique talents and expertise. As a team they are able to exploit and share the knowledge that they possess. A team is able to assign a task to the most applicable member of the team and in doing so it makes the most advantageous use of their resources. This also allows the team members some flexibility in their role as a team member. In addition, the team allows management to assign workflow as needed. Teams can be assembled for a short period of time on an as needed basis. Teams also have the advantage of sharing a common goal. When the group shares the common goal, all work and resources are devoted to reaching the goal. This reduces redundancy and ambiguity among the workforce and makes the best use of their time. It further allows the team to direct their attention to complex problem solving as a group that an individual may not be able to accomplish. This interjects more creativity and flexibility into the workflow process. While there are many advantages, it must be remembered that teams must have the appropriate communication skills to be able to take advantage of the team structure. When using a team for decision making, the group may be guided by group-think or extreme positions advocated by powerful members. This is a major challenge to overcome to assure all team members have an equal input. Another challenge to a team is the acceptance, by its members, that responsibility and rewards are shared equally. This may face difficulties in introducing the team concept where the organizational culture is ingrained with a task oriented and individual concept. The team may have loafers that assume they can slack off and spread the responsibility out among the other members. Miscommunication or cultural differences that are misunderstood can also challenge the team. The team will be challenged to work to overcome these problems as the team matures. For Chris to deal with stress

Business Ethics - The Enron Scandal universal ethics point of view- Case Study

Business Ethics - The Enron Scandal universal ethics point of view- - Case Study Example The accounting fraud that would eventually come to be known as the Enron scandal was a creative, institutional, and systematic plan (Malcolm, 2008). Parties that took part in concealing Enron’s real financial condition were well known to the company. In this respect, the bid to address the underlying situation becomes an institutional process. To start with, the company’s corporate governance had failed. Instead of hiding this failure, stakeholders could have been consulted on ways to foster and enhance corporate governance. By virtue of business operations, shareholders and all other stakeholders for that matter deserved to know the actual direction that the company was taking. Board effectiveness, qualification, integrity, responsibility, and accountability were highly questionable. These aspects only came to light at a time when it was impossible to salvage the company. Given that business operations are profit-driven and that profits can undoubtedly attract unethical practices, there was need to vet and audit board operations from time to time. In so doing, the underlying issues were set to be identified before it was too late. The situation can, therefore, be addressed by taking measures to ensure that the company does not run independent of shareholders and other interested stakeholders. Conflicting interests were highly evident in the Enron case. Arthur Andersen played two roles in Enron; that of an auditor and that of a consultant (Malcolm, 2008). The direct implication is that one role relatively jeopardized the other, given that the same party undertook both roles. This situation stands to be addressed by ensuring that the two roles are handled by two independent parties. Ultimately, the management is to blame. This is because it downplayed the underlying risks of having an auditing firm that still offered consultation services to the same company. Financial entities that maintained an off-book relationship

Women in Fashion and Photography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Women in Fashion and Photography - Essay Example The essay "Women in Fashion and Photography" talks about the woman in fashion photography and analyzes the gender issue in this context. Through this discussion, it is planned by the researcher to find better resources which could actually make a great impact on how the understanding of men and women status in the society becomes likely controlled through media works. Men were particularly known as the supreme gender in the human society. As the population belonging to the supreme gender, men are expected to have special responsibilities as well as advantages with regards the activities that they are able to do. Men were expected to have responsibilities of providing for those that belong to them. This includes their families and other people that are living around them. On the other hand, they benefit form the authority that is given to them. The power to control others, especially women has naturally given them pride when it comes to the thought of being able to rule over several s ectors of the human society. Through the pages of the human history, men of different races and different ages have primarily been able to change the ways by which humans perceive their purpose in living. Indeed, men have naturally drawn the different demarcation lines of limitations and possibilities that identify each human individual’s capability of living. Most likely, the powerful sense of being of the appearance of man has naturally affected the characteristic and the attitude that he perceives upon others. Within the paragraphs that follow, the different roles of men within the American society shall be outlined in clarity to be able to assist in the understanding of what actually is the important part that men plays in the advancement of the human civilization towards progress. II.A. Men as Key Agents of Family Strength The family is one of the basic units of social relationship within the human generations. It could be observed that men are appointed as head of the family. As head of the family, a man has the responsibility of providing the guidance that the members of the family need to be able to get through with the challenges of life. Aside from this, men also stand as the basic source of spiritual and intellectual aspects of life when it comes to taking care of the younger generations of the family. Not to mention, men are also viewed as the major providers of the needs of the family in terms of finances, shelter, food and clothing. From this particular point of view, it could be observed that men are indeed given high regards by the human society especially in terms of the role that they play in the family. At some point, they work as complimentary personnel to the fulfillment of the dream of their wives and their children. They are the primary source of strength for their family members and from them comes the most valuable advices of life that would naturally help the members of the family get along with the ups and downs of living in a more eased and controlled procedure. Certainly, men are given the chance to handle the most complicated responsibilities within the family arrangements. The challenges are really not that easy to face. However, with the strong conviction and determination of men to succeed in this particular responsibility shall give them the reputation that they need to be able

Value Chain System Essay Example for Free

Value Chain System Essay The value chain concept was created by Michael Porter and explained in his book â€Å"Competitive Advantage†, published in 1980. The value chain is a series of activities that create and build value- culminating in the contribution of total value to the organization. Porter used the concept of value chain as a systematic approach to examining the development of an organization’s competitive advantage in the marketplace. In using the value chain concept, the total activities undertaken by a business are split into Primary Activities and Support Activities. Primary activities relate to inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, and service. Support activities include procurement, technology development, human resource management, and firm infrastructure. Intel  No doubt, Intel has emerged as the market leader in the design and manufacture of microprocessors, having an almost unbeatable advantage over its competitors. Yet Intel has realized that the best way to retain its market position is to make it easy and efficient for people to do business with the company. Since 1998, Intel has developed and used an e-business strategy to maintain relationships with its customers, employees and suppliers. The company’s goal is to become a 100% ‘e-business enabled’ corporation. In terms of the value chain concept, Intel has made remarkable progress and reaped tangible benefits in the volume of business it does on the Web, as well as created savings of time and money for both itself and its customers. (Pallato, 2001) Let us analyze Intel’s strategy in terms of the primary value chain activities: Inbound Logistics Prior to implementation of its e-business initiative, Intel used the traditional methods of pen, paper and telephone to place and track its supplies and suppliers. Furthermore it ordered supplies only in response to customer orders. Consequently the company lost out on many business opportunities, where it could not meet emergency demands, changing customer needs or large orders for want of adequate stock. However this all changed with the launch of its e-business initiative in 1998. Today, Intel uses the Internet to speed the flow of information between itself, its suppliers and customers. By tracking its deliveries and supplies over the Web, the company has reduced its order and manufacturing lead times. It tracks its supplies from various countries all over the world. Intel’s goal is to move towards a 100% automated system for its supplies and purchases. Operations Intel uses its Web based e-business system to aid in the quick exchange of details and queries pertaining to customer orders, design specifications and proprietary information. Design specifications and models can change every 6 months. Intel has many made-to-order deals with big volume direct customers and this almost instantaneous system can shave off a week or two in design and delivery of the final product, enabling the product and its suppliers to take full advantage of its novelty and price in the market. Outbound Logistics Intel uses its web based system to track deliveries to customers and resellers. It can thus expedite delivery by noting friction points, ascertaining the reasons and smoothing shipments there. Using its ‘vendor driven’ inventory management system, Intel can maintain its inventory levels to respond to fluctuating customer demand, make reliable forecasts and shipments on time. Marketing Sales Intel has also improved time to market for its products to customers. By putting its customer order entry system on the Web, it has reduced errors by 75%. It can take orders round the clock, where more than 25% of its transactions occurring after normal business hours. Its ability to establish links with over 75,000 system resellers worldwide has led to considerable increase in its sales volumes. Online sales doubled from US$ 1 billion to US$2 billion a month. Hundreds of Intel suppliers use the Web to check the status of inventory levels, payments and shipments. Service Intel focuses on many areas of support and service for all its products. From advanced data centers, application platforms, architecture planning, integration of business applications, e-commerce applications and solutions, system migration and server consolidation. Employing a set of highly skilled consultants having considerable technical expertise in designing, building, implementing and optimizing solutions on Intel architecture. Intel provides a variety of services in the areas of wireless, hardware design, networking and communications, software development, business strategies and solution providers. Intel has established alliances with other leading software technology providers and solutions such as Oracle and SAP to give added value to its customers. It has a variety of solution blueprints on its website advertising its successful applications from a variety of industries. A database of solution providers and resellers of Intel products and solutions has been provided on a technological, geographical and language basis for ease of access and use. Intel Website). The success of Intel’s value chain can be judged by the fact that it helped the company earn revenues of US$30. 1 Billion in 2003. The company has over 78,000 employees worldwide, with 294 offices and facilities for its 450 odd products. Intel was ranked 53 in the list of Fortune500 companies in 2003. By converting from its EDI systems to one using its RosettaNet business process standards with XML forms, Intel is expected to make further giant strides in the way it does business. (1) Spectrum Pharmaceutical Porter’s five force analysis is used to analyze Spectrum Pharmaceutical in the pharmaceutical industry. Porter’s five forces analysis is a method of analyzing an industry and a company’s business strategy. It uses five fundamental forces that determine competition within an industry and how a company functions within that industry. These five forces involve market forces and pricing power of the business, suppliers and customers. The first force that a company must deal with is the bargaining power of customers. In relation to Spectrum Pharmaceutical, the customers have very little power to bargain prices with the company. The products that Spectrum provides are unique niche products that the customer cannot obtain anywhere else. This gives the customers little bargaining power with the company. This makes the products that Spectrum produces more profitable for the company, but more expensive to the customer. This makes the products more expensive however, which makes them more profitable for the company. There are few substitutes for these products, which reduces the buyers leverage to negotiate lower prices. The buyers have little concentration which reduces their ability to negotiate lower prices. Due to lack of alternative products there are few substitutes for Spectrum’s products. All these reasons combined together give the buyer of the products little force to negotiate lower prices, but give the company a lot of power to maintain their high prices. The second force in the analysis is the bargaining power of suppliers. In this instance, the suppliers to Spectrum have little power to affect the price of the final product. There are several different firms that can supply Spectrum with the necessary products for spectrum to manufacture their products. This gives the suppliers little leverage to boost prices to Spectrum, which in turn helps to keep the price of supplies low. There are usually several alternative products on the market that Spectrum can use to manufacture the necessary goods. Due to the lack of concentration of suppliers, they have little leverage to negotiate higher prices which would squeeze the profits of Spectrum. In addition, the cost of inputs in the price of Spectrum’s products is very low compared to the final cost of the product. The regulatory process is a much more expensive input to the final cost of goods than the raw material inputs. All these reasons combined give suppliers little force to raise prices to Spectrum, and have little influence on the price to the consumer. The next force in the analysis is the threat of substitute products. Several different substitute products allow the consumer to switch to other products and lower price products. This price elasticity keeps prices lower for the consumer and limits the ability of the company to raise prices. There are few substitute products for drugs that Spectrum manufactures. Consumers have little alternative choices for Spectrum products. This reduces the ability of the consumer switch to lower cost products. This keeps the product prices high and reduces the leverage of the consumer has to keep prices lower. All these reasons combined, keep reduce the force of the consumer to exert little ability to keep prices low and allow Spectrum to charge higher prices for its products. The next force in the analysis is the threat of new entrants into the market. If it was easy to enter the market with new and competing products, the ability to keep prices high would be reduced. This however, is not the case with Spectrum. It is extremely expensive for new entrants to get into the pharmaceutical market. It is costly in both money and time to get new drugs to market. The regulatory process insures that new products to the market have been tested at several levels. This testing is expensive in time, money and expertise. It takes several years to get new products through the regulatory process and new products to market. This high cost limits the number of new entrants into the market. There are many barriers to entry into the market. In addition, Spectrum holds patents that limit market competition for several years. Even though the pharmaceutical business is highly profitable, there are few competitors in the marketplace due to the high entrance costs and other barriers. The capital costs to enter the marketplace limit the number of competitors in the marketplace. The high capital, labor and other costs limit the force of new entrants to compete against Spectrum in the marketplace. The barriers to entering the pharmaceutical business limit competition and ensure that drug companies can maintain higher prices. The last force in the analysis is the intensity of competitive rivalries. Industry rivalries can increase the competition for the consumer’s money. This can keep costs down and reduce profitability. Even though there are several companies in the pharmaceutical business, the total business is extremely large. The high costs of entering the market reduce competition. The high capital costs, the regulatory process and the barriers to entry, reduce competitive rivalries within the industry. The industry has a high growth rate, especially as the older population grows. In most cases there is little over production and over capacity. It takes a lot of technical expertise in many different areas to get into the pharmaceutical business. There are advertising campaigns in the few areas where there are substitute products, but this mostly limits the size of the market and not profitability. Due to the extremely high profits, most companies have a strong incentive to innovate, market and remain in the business. All these reasons combined limit the competitive rivalry that would reduce the profitability of firms in the pharmaceutical industry. In summary, the Porter’s five force analysis of Spectrum Pharmaceutical show few limits on its ability to compete. Customer’s have little ability to bargain lower prices with the firm. Suppliers to Spectrum have little ability to raise prices to the company and have little influence on the cost structure of the final product. There are few substitute products to the drugs that Spectrum produces, this reduces the ability of consumers to switch to alternative lower price products, and ensures the ability of Spectrum to keep prices high. The high capital costs and the regulatory rocess restrict the number of new competitors in the pharmaceutical industry. This reduces competition for companies in the drug business and helps to reduce completion and keep prices high. The last force in the analysis is threat of competitive rivalries. This is relatively low for Spectrum. The high capital costs to enter the business and the barriers to entry into the market help keep competitive rivalries low. Due to the size of the industry and few competitors that can overcome the entrance barriers, limit the rivalry and allow the industry to by highly profitable.